树莓派安装openwrt并扩容overlay分区
安装的参考
步骤
- 使用disk genius把内存卡的分区删除，新建一个分区并采用fat32格式化
- 用win32diskimage写入镜像
出现问题：
- 其他电脑连接wifi
后无法获取ip，而路由器插上网线后在上级路由里面也查不到ip
解决方案：
连接wifi【openwrt】后，手动修改电脑的ip：192.168.10.x，子网掩码24，网关192.168.10.1，然后就和op在同一网段了，此时访问192.168.10.1即可。
然后在op设置界面：【网络】-【接口】-【LAN】-【修改】里面，将【IPv4网关】设置为192.168.1.1，将【使用自定义的 DNS 服务器】设置为114.114.114.114，此时op便可以获取上级路由的网络（如果不清楚上级路由的情况，则改为dhcp协议，然后用ip扫描来找到op的lan地址）
扩容的参考资料
“【转载】树莓派安装openwrt后扩容-参考资料”
“【转载】openwrt的overlay分区不足解决方法”
使用fdisk扩容的尝试（使用另一台linux）
确定内存卡的盘符
拔掉openwrt的内存卡，换上linux的卡，输入命令：df -h查看硬盘情况
判断/dev/sda是装有openwrt的内存卡，其中2是装有系统的部分（猜测）
卸载盘符
umount /dev/sda2
用fdisk命令开始重新分区
- 进入分区程序
sudo fdisk /dev/sda - 查看当前分区情况：
p
#终端
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 7.4 GiB, 7983857664 bytes, 15593472 sectors
Disk model: Storage Device
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xf222735e
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 8192 139263 131072 64M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sda2 147456 2113535 1966080 960M 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2113536 15593471 13479936 6.4G 83 Linux删除分区２、3
删除分区：d
选择删除分区２：2
重复一次，删除3
重新新建分区２
然后新建分区：ｎ
分区类型选择主分区:p
分区号输入２：２
起始扇区选择原来的点：147456
最后一个扇区选择默认：enter
这样就新建了一个分区２，并且分区包含了剩下的全部空间。
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 8192 139263 131072 64M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sda2 147456 2113535 1966080 960M 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2113536 15593471 13479936 6.4G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Partition 3 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Partition 2 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (2048-15593471, default 2048): 147456
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (147456-15593471, default 15593471):
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 7.4 GiB.
Partition #2 contains a squashfs signature.
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: n
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.
使修改生效
sudo e2fsck /dev/sda2
sudo resize2fs /dev/sda2出现错误
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo e2fsck /dev/sda2
e2fsck 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018)
ext2fs_open2: Bad magic number in super-block
e2fsck: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...
e2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda2
The superblock could not be read or does not describe a valid ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock
is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock:
e2fsck -b 8193
or
e2fsck -b 32768
/dev/sda2 contains a squashfs file system
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo resize2fs /dev/sda2
resize2fs 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018)
resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda2
Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.
这个方法暂时无法使用
在openwrt里面直接扩容
查看设备
输入lsblk
得到
OpenWrt# lsblk
\NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 787.3M 0 loop /overlay
mmcblk0 179:0 0 7.4G 0 disk
├─mmcblk0p1 179:1 0 64M 0 part /boot
└─mmcblk0p2 179:2 0 960M 0 part /rom
得知可以扩容的id为mmcblk0
开始扩容
fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
使用p查看分区
得到：
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7.45 GiB, 7983857664 bytes, 15593472 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5452574f
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1 * 8192 139263 131072 64M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 147456 2113535 1966080 960M 83 Linux
得知还有6个多G的空间可用
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p3
第一次重启前全程记录
Using username "root".
root@192.168.1.177's password:
OpenWrt# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 172.8M 172.8M 0 100% /rom
tmpfs 1.9G 7.8M 1.8G 0% /tmp
/dev/loop0 785.3M 139.8M 645.4M 18% /overlay
overlayfs:/overlay 785.3M 139.8M 645.4M 18% /
/dev/mmcblk0p1 63.9M 17.3M 46.5M 27% /boot
tmpfs 512.0K 0 512.0K 0% /dev
cgroup 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
overlayfs:/overlay 785.3M 139.8M 645.4M 18% /opt/docker
OpenWrt# lsblk
\NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 787.3M 0 loop /overlay
mmcblk0 179:0 0 7.4G 0 disk
├─mmcblk0p1 179:1 0 64M 0 part /boot
└─mmcblk0p2 179:2 0 960M 0 part /rom
OpenWrt# \fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.35.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7.45 GiB, 7983857664 bytes, 15593472 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5452574f
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1 * 8192 139263 131072 64M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 147456 2113535 1966080 960M 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (2048-15593471, default 2048): +3G
Value out of range.
First sector (2048-15593471, default 2048): +1G
Value out of range.
First sector (2048-15593471, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-15593471, default 15593471): +3G
Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux' and of size 3 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7.45 GiB, 7983857664 bytes, 15593472 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5452574f
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1 * 8192 139263 131072 64M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 147456 2113535 1966080 960M 83 Linux
/dev/mmcblk0p3 2048 6293503 6291456 3G 83 Linux
Partition table entries are not in disk order.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Failed to add partition 3 to system: Resource busy
The kernel still uses the old partitions. The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
OpenWrt# fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.35.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7.45 GiB, 7983857664 bytes, 15593472 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5452574f
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1 * 8192 139263 131072 64M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 147456 2113535 1966080 960M 83 Linux
/dev/mmcblk0p3 2048 6293503 6291456 3G 83 Linux
Partition table entries are not in disk order.
Command (m for help): m
Help:
DOS (MBR)
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
Generic
d delete a partition
F list free unpartitioned space
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
i print information about a partition
Misc
m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Partition 3 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7.45 GiB, 7983857664 bytes, 15593472 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5452574f
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1 * 8192 139263 131072 64M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 147456 2113535 1966080 960M 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Failed to remove partition 3 from system: No such device or address
The kernel still uses the old partitions. The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
OpenWrt# fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.35.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7.45 GiB, 7983857664 bytes, 15593472 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5452574f
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1 * 8192 139263 131072 64M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 147456 2113535 1966080 960M 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (2048-15593471, default 2048): 2113536
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2113536-15593471, default 15593471): +3G
Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux' and of size 3 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7.45 GiB, 7983857664 bytes, 15593472 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5452574f
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1 * 8192 139263 131072 64M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 147456 2113535 1966080 960M 83 Linux
/dev/mmcblk0p3 2113536 8404991 6291456 3G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.
OpenWrt# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p3
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 786432 4k blocks and 196608 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 84f1fcef-0224-4409-a211-45f800551e81
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
OpenWrt# reboot
重启后把以前的文件复制到扩容的文件夹
mount -t ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p3 /mnt/mmcblk0p3
发现该目录还不存在
OpenWrt# mount -t ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p3 /mnt/mmcblk0p3
mount: /mnt/mmcblk0p3: mount point does not exist.
于是先使用mkdir /mnt/mmcblk0p3再mount -t ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p3 /mnt/mmcblk0p3
再使用df -h查询得到
OpenWrt# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 172.8M 172.8M 0 100% /rom
tmpfs 1.9G 7.5M 1.8G 0% /tmp
/dev/loop0 785.3M 139.8M 645.4M 18% /overlay
overlayfs:/overlay 785.3M 139.8M 645.4M 18% /
/dev/mmcblk0p1 63.9M 17.3M 46.5M 27% /boot
tmpfs 512.0K 0 512.0K 0% /dev
cgroup 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
overlayfs:/overlay 785.3M 139.8M 645.4M 18% /opt/docker
/dev/mmcblk0p3 2.9G 9.0M 2.7G 0% /mnt/mmcblk0p3说明已经挂载成功
然后看看loop0指向的是哪个目录，发现overlay目录为/overlay
于是将其内容拷贝，命令为：cp -r /overlay/* /mnt/mmcblk0p3
然后卸载umount /dev/mmcblk0p3
提示busy，可以参考linux挂载卸载不掉 umount target is busy
不过因为op上没有安装相应的命令，于是我先尝试reboot
重启之后发现不会自动挂载，再次手动挂载mount -t ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p3 /mnt/mmcblk0p3
再次手动卸载umount /dev/mmcblk0p3
成功
打开openwrt的管理界面
【挂载点】-【生成配置】（如果找不到后面的设备可以使用这一步）-【（/mnt/mmcblk0p3）修改】
重启之后，成功！（之前失败是因为忘记勾选启用此挂载点）
ii.kiss 正在讨论。 
回复